11.
蜂巢是由工蜂分泌蜂蜡建成的,从正面看,蜂巢口是由许多正六边形的中空柱状体连接而成,中空柱状体的底部是由三个全等的菱形面构成,菱形的一个角度是
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmn%3E0%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmsup%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E9%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E%E2%88%98%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsup%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmsup%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E8%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E%27%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsup%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 这样的设计含有深刻的数学原理.我著名数学家华罗庚曾专门研究蜂巢的结构,著有《谈谈与蜂房结构有关的数学问题》一书.用数学的眼光去看蜂巢的结构,如图,在六棱柱
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3EA%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3EB%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3EC%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3ED%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3EE%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3EF%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%92%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmsup%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3EA%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmsup%3E%3Cmi%3E%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmn%3E%27%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmsup%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsup%3E%3Cmsup%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3EB%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmsup%3E%3Cmi%3E%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmn%3E%27%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmsup%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsup%3E%3Cmsup%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3EC%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmsup%3E%3Cmi%3E%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmn%3E%27%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmsup%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsup%3E%3Cmsup%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3ED%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmsup%3E%3Cmi%3E%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmn%3E%27%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmsup%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsup%3E%3Cmsup%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3EE%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmsup%3E%3Cmi%3E%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmn%3E%27%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmsup%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsup%3E%3Cmsup%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3EF%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmsup%3E%3Cmi%3E%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmn%3E%27%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmsup%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsup%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
的三个顶点
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3EA%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmn%3E++%EF%BC%8C+%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmi%3EC%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmn%3E++%EF%BC%8C+%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmi%3EE%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
处分别用平面
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3EB%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3EF%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3EM%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 平面
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3EB%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3ED%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3EO%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 平面
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3ED%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3EF%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3EN%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
截掉三个相等的三棱锥
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3EM%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%92%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmi%3EA%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3EB%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3EF%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmn%3E++%EF%BC%8C+%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmi%3EO%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%92%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmi%3EB%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3EC%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3ED%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmn%3E++%EF%BC%8C+%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmi%3EN%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%92%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmi%3ED%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3EE%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3EF%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 平面
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3EB%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3EF%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3EM%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 平面
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3EB%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3ED%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3EO%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 平面
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3ED%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3EF%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3EN%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
交于点
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3EP%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 就形成了蜂巢的结构.如图,设平面
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3EP%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3EB%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3EO%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3ED%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
与正六边形底面所成的二面角的大小为
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmtext%3E%CE%B8%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 则( )
![](//tikupic.21cnjy.com/2022/10/10/10/89/1089f30cb84224cd0b4c99722d19ca89_571x369.png)