-
1.
(2022·徐汇模拟)
卤族元素在自然界中主要以卤化物形式存在,完成下列填空:
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(1)
工业电解铝以铝土矿(Al
2O
3)为原料,冰晶石(Na
3AlF
4)为助熔剂。
①铝土矿中
的晶体类型;
②比较
的简单离子半径大小;
③
最外层电子的电子云形状为。
-
-
(2)
从海水中获取的
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3ENaCl%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
主要用于氯碱工业,写出阳极的电极反应
。
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-
(3)
采用“空气吹出法”从浓海水中吹出
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EBr%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
,并用纯碱吸收。纯碱吸收
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EBr%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
的主要反应为:
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E3%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EBr%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3Cmo%3E%2B%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E6%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3ENa%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3ECO%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E3%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3Cmo%3E%2B%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E3%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmtext%3EH%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3Cmtext%3EO%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%86%92%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E5%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmtext%3ENaBr%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmo%3E%2B%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3ENaBrO%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E3%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3Cmo%3E%2B%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E6%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3ENaHCO%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E3%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
,吸收
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EmolBr%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
时,转移电子为
mol。
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-
(4)
工业生产纯碱的方法是:向饱和食盐水中通入
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3ENH%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E3%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
和
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3ECO%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
,即有
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3ENaHCO%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E3%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
晶体析出。结合速率与平衡理论解释
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3ENaHCO%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E3%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
析出的原因
。
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(5)
向碘水溶液中通入过量的
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3ECl%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E2%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
,发生反应:
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmenclose+notation%3D%22box%22%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmenclose%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmtext%3EI%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3Cmo%3E%2B%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmenclose+notation%3D%22box%22%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmenclose%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3ECl%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3Cmo%3E%2B%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmenclose+notation%3D%22box%22%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmenclose%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmtext%3EH%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3Cmtext%3EO%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%86%92%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmenclose+notation%3D%22box%22%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmenclose%3E%3Cmsubsup%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EIO%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E3%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%92%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmsubsup%3E%3Cmo%3E%2B%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmenclose+notation%3D%22box%22%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmenclose%3E%3Cmsup%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3ECl%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%92%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmsup%3E%3Cmo%3E%2B%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmenclose+notation%3D%22box%22%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmenclose%3E%3Cmsup%3E%3Cmtext%3EH%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmo%3E%2B%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmsup%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
,配平上述方程式
。
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