一、选择题(本大题共10个小题,每小题3分,共30分.在每个小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项符合题目要求)
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-
-
3.
在
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsqrt%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E5%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsqrt%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 3.14,2.101001000100001…(每两个1之间的0依次增加),
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmtext%3E%CF%80%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
中,无理数有( )
A . 1个
B . 2个
C . 3个
D . 4个
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4.
已知直角三角形两边的长分别是3和4,求第三边的长.琪棋的解答过程:“当第三边是斜边时,第三边长为
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsqrt%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmsup%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E3%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsup%3E%3Cmo%3E%2B%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmsup%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E4%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsup%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsqrt%3E%3Cmo%3E%3D%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E5%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
.当第三边是直角边时,第三边长为
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsqrt%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmsup%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E4%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsup%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%92%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmsup%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E3%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsup%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsqrt%3E%3Cmo%3E%3D%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmsqrt%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E7%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsqrt%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
.故直角三角形第三边长是5或
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsqrt%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E7%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsqrt%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
.”琪棋的上述方法体现的数学思想是( )
A . 整体思想
B . 转化思想
C . 数形结合思想
D . 分类讨论思想
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-
6.
估计
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsqrt%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmn%3E3%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsqrt%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
的值在( )
A . 2与3之间
B . 3与4之间
C . 4与5之间
D . 5与6之间
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7.
如图,在△ABC中,
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%A0%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmi%3EB%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3EA%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3EC%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%3D%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E9%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmn%3E0%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmo%3E%C2%B0%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
,
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3EB%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3EC%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%3D%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E6%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 以AB,AC为边作正方形,这两个正方形的面积和为( )
![](//tikupic.21cnjy.com/2024/01/15/1c/69/1c69a6788add509022b5ba4a2d18cd27_m_144x145.png)
A . 6
B . 36
C . 16
D . 49
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8.
若a是
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsup%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%92%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E5%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsup%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
的平方根,b的一个平方根是3,则代数式
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3Ea%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%92%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmi%3Eb%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
的值为( )
A . -14或-4
B . -14
C . -4
D . 4或-14
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9.
如图,圆柱形杯子底面直径为7cm,高为24cm.将一根长36cm的木棒斜放在杯中,设木棒露在杯子外面的长度为h cm,则h的最小值是 ( )
![](//tikupic.21cnjy.com/2024/01/15/0a/d4/0ad49aca6e48150a5f6d351679405bde_m_89x137.png)
A . 9
B . 11
C . 12
D . 14
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10.
如图,ABCD是长方形地面,长AB=10m,宽AD=5m,中间刚好有一堵墙,墙高MN=1m,一只蜗牛从A点爬到C点,它必须翻过中间那堵墙,则它至少要走( )
![](//tikupic.21cnjy.com/2024/01/16/10/14/10149bd6de57a1e7698d86aceb4045df_m_142x85.png)
A . 10m
B . 12m
C . 13m
D . 14m
二、填空题(本大题共5个小题,每小题3分,共15分)
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11.
比较大小:
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%92%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmsqrt%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E3%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsqrt%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
-2.(填“>”或“<”)
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-
13.
如图,在△ABC中,
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%A0%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmi%3EC%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%3D%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E9%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmn%3E0%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmo%3E%C2%B0%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
,
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3EA%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3EC%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%3D%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E3%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
,
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3EB%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3EC%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%3D%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E5%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 则AB的长为
.
![](//tikupic.21cnjy.com/2024/01/15/4d/eb/4deb8db900678cb19b96064adc807963_m_164x162.png)
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14.
定义新运算“☆”:
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3Ea%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmtext%3E%E2%98%86%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmi%3Eb%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%3D%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmsqrt%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3Ea%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3Eb%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%2B%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsqrt%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
.则
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmn%3E6%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmtext%3E%E2%98%86%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E3%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmtext%3E%E2%98%86%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmn%3E5%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%3D%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
.
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15.
如图,△ABC的顶点在边长为1的正方形网格的格点上,
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3EC%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3ED%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%8A%A5%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmi%3EA%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3EB%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
于点D,则BD的长为
.
![](//tikupic.21cnjy.com/2024/01/15/df/9b/df9b99c2df10e78e62d1e19c1aaf51fe_m_97x113.png)
三、解答题(本大题共8个小题,共75分.解答应写出文字说明,证明过程或演算步骤)
-
16.
-
(1)
计算:
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsqrt%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E9%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsqrt%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%92%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmroot%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%92%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmn%3E7%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E3%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmroot%3E%3Cmo%3E%2B%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%7C%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%92%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmsqrt%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E3%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsqrt%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%7C%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%2B%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmsup%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E%CF%80%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%92%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E3%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E0%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsup%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
.
-
(2)
求x的值:
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmn%3E8%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmsup%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3Ex%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%92%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E3%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsup%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%92%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmn%3E7%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmo%3E%3D%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E0%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
.
-
17.
如图,5×5方格中每个小正方形的边长都为1.
-
(1)
图(1)中正方形ABCD的面积为
,边长为
.
![](//tikupic.21cnjy.com/2024/01/15/f0/5e/f05ed1ea2ec79d1d4b9192a4c5f98475_m_157x157.png)
图(1)
-
(2)
在图(2)的数轴上,用圆规找出实数
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsqrt%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmn%3E7%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsqrt%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%92%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
的准确位置.
![](//tikupic.21cnjy.com/2024/01/15/f3/1f/f31fe3765bb553bb5bae448b99fa5d95_m_255x150.png)
图(2)
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18.
如图,在海面上有两个疑似漂浮目标A、B,接到消息后,两艘搜救艇同时从港口O出发赶往目的地.一艘搜救艇以6海里/时的速度沿北偏东60°的方向向目标A前进,同时另一艘搜救艇以8海里/时的速度向目标B前进,1.5小时后,他们同时分别到达目标A、B,此时,他们相距15海里,请问第二艘搜救艇的航行方向是北偏西多少度?
![](//tikupic.21cnjy.com/2024/01/15/b0/c3/b0c30a7dc91fb17045b0f52448169f16_m_175x129.png)
-
19.
已知实数
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmi%3Ex%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%92%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
和
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3Ex%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%92%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E5%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
是正数a的两个平方根.
-
-
(2)
求
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmn%3E6%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmi%3Ex%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%92%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E4%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
的立方根.
-
20.
阅读与思考
阅读下面的文字,并完成相应的任务.
任务:已知a是
的整数部分,b是
的小数部分.
-
-
(2)
求
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsup%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%92%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmi%3Ea%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E3%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsup%3E%3Cmo%3E%2B%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmsup%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3Eb%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%2B%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E4%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsup%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
的算术平方根.
-
21.
如图,在一条东西走向的河流的一侧有一村庄C,河边原有两个取水点A,B,其中AB=AC,由于某种原因,由C到A的路现在已经不通,村庄C为方便村民取水,决定在河边新建一个取水点H(点A,H,B在同一条直线上),并新修一条路CH,测得BC=2千米,CH=1.6千米,BH=1.2千米.
![](//tikupic.21cnjy.com/2024/01/15/ba/f6/baf6b628788de725e9ac08fb0e69d619_m_180x117.png)
-
(1)
CH是不是从村庄C到河边的最短路线?请通过计算加以说明.
-
-
22.
综合与实践
问题情境:某消防队在一次应急演练中,消防员架起一架长25m的云梯AB,如图,云梯斜靠在一面墙上,这时云梯底端距墙脚的距离BC=7m,∠DCE=90°.
![](//tikupic.21cnjy.com/2024/01/15/2c/b8/2cb864db6ceaf1e29b922cc1daa0e3b2_m_240x118.png)
-
(1)
独立思考:这架云梯顶端距地面的距离AC有多高?
-
(2)
深入探究:消防员接到命令,按要求将云梯从顶端A下滑到A'位置上(云梯长度不改变),AA'=4m,那么它的底部B在水平方向滑动到B'的距离BB'也是4m吗?若是,请说明理由;若不是,请求出BB'的长度.
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(3)
问题解决:演练中,高24.3m的墙头有求救声,消防员需调整云梯去救援被困人员.经验表明,云梯靠墙摆放时,如果云梯底端离墙的距离不小于云梯长度的
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmfrac%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E5%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmfrac%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 则云梯和消防员相对安全.在相对安全的前提下,云梯的顶端能否到达24.3m高的墙头去救援被困人员?
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23.
综合与实践
如图,在△ABC中,AB=10,BC=6,AC=8.
![](//tikupic.21cnjy.com/2024/01/16/d8/49/d8491f005ea17c896cdda43b07c8afbb_441x150.png)
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(2)
探究:如果点P从点A出发,以每秒4个单位长度的速度沿折线A-C-B-A方向运动,运动到点A停止,设运动时间为t(
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3Et%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%26gt%3B%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E0%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
)秒.
①若点P在AC上,且满足PA=PB,求此时t的值.
②若点P恰好在△BAC的平分线上,求t的值.