一、选择题</strong><strong>(</strong><strong>本大题共</strong><strong>16</strong><strong>个小题</strong><strong>,</strong><strong>共</strong><strong>38</strong><strong>分</strong><strong>.</strong><strong>1~6</strong><strong>小题各</strong><strong>3</strong><strong>分</strong><strong>,</strong><strong>7~16</strong><strong>小题各</strong><strong>2</strong><strong>分</strong><strong>.</strong><strong>在每小题给出的四个选项中</strong><strong>,</strong><strong>只有一项是符合题目要求的</strong><strong>)</strong>
-
1.
下列四个实数中,最小的数是( )
A . -2
B . 0
C . -1
D .
-
2.
下列各数中,是无理数的是( )
A .
B . 3.14
C .
D . 0
-
-
A . 6
B . 8
C . 10
D . 12
-
5.
如图,在数轴上点
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsup%3E%3Cmi%3EA%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmn%3E%27%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmsup%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
表示的实数是( )
![](//tikupic.21cnjy.com/2023/11/27/78/e0/78e081099ac6a43962f60111e2392d64_m_237x84.png)
-
6.
如图,小逸家的房门左下角受潮了,他想检测房门是否变形,准备采用如下方法:先测量门的边
AB和
BC的长,再测量点
A和点
C间的距离,由此可推断
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%A0%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmi%3EB%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
是否为直角,这样做的依据是( )
![](//tikupic.21cnjy.com/2023/10/16/11/b8/11b87221b9b131a1106e47bdd4c97a48_173x137.png)
A . 勾股定理
B . 三角形内角和定理
C . 勾股定理的逆定理
D . 直角三角形的两锐角互余
-
7.
若使算式
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%92%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E%E2%97%AF%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%92%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E3%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
的运算结果最小,“
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmtext%3E%E2%97%AF%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
”表示的运算符号是( )
A . +
B . -
C . ×
D . ÷
-
A .
和
之间
B .
和
之间
C .
和6之间
D . 6和
之间
-
9.
若
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%7C%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%92%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmsqrt%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E3%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsqrt%3E%3Cmo%3E%2B%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E%2A%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%7C%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%3D%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E%2A%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%92%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmsqrt%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E3%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsqrt%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 则“*”代表的数可以是( )
A . -2
B .
C . 1
D . 2
-
10.
为了证明数轴上的点可以表示无理数,老师给学生设计了如下材料:如图,直径为1个单位长度的圆从原点沿数轴向右滚动一周,圆上一点由原点(记为点
O)到达点
A , 点
A对应的数是( )
![](//tikupic.21cnjy.com/2023/11/27/db/f9/dbf9335d07c0b3687c88eff03714cad6_m_406x100.png)
A .
B . 3.14
C .
D . -3.14
-
11.
一个数的两个平方根分别是2a+1与-3a+2,则a的值是( )
A . -1
B . 1
C . -3
D . 3
-
12.
下列说法正确的是( )
A .
的平方根是
B . 无限小数是无理数
C . 数轴上的点对应的数不是整数就是分数
D . 若a , b , c为一组勾股数,则2a , 2b , 2c仍是一组勾股数
-
13.
已知一个三角形的三条边长之比为3:4:5,且三角形的周长为24cm,则三角形的面积为( )
-
14.
实数
a ,
b ,
c在数轴上的对应点的位置如图所示,如果
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3Ea%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%2B%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmi%3Ec%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%3D%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E0%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 那么下列结论正确的是( )
![](//tikupic.21cnjy.com/2023/11/14/c2/10/c210533f21c278c086dd60d87d41f286_324x75.png)
-
15.
如图,所有阴影部分的四边形都是正方形,所有的三角形都是直角三角形,若正方形
A、
B、
C的面积依次为6、10、7,则正方形
D的面积为( )
![](//tikupic.21cnjy.com/2023/11/27/18/5b/185bd43d398875309a01e46c70621bba_m_264x155.png)
A . 11
B . 16
C . 17
D . 23
-
16.
勾股定理是人类数学文化的一颗璀璨明珠,是用代数思想解决几何问题最重要的工具,也是数形结合的纽带之一.如图,当秋千静止时,踏板离地的垂直高度
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3EB%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3EE%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%3D%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmtext%3Em%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 将它往前推4m至
C处时(即水平距离
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3EC%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3ED%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%3D%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E4%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmtext%3Em%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
),踏板离地的垂直高度
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3EC%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3EF%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%3D%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E3%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmtext%3Em%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 它的绳索始终拉直,则绳索
AC的长是( )
![](//tikupic.21cnjy.com/2023/10/16/82/5f/825fb71f6e1cd4bbc29b279c487b325e_214x133.png)
A . 4m
B . 5m
C . 6m
D . 8m
二、填空题</strong><strong>(</strong><strong>本大题共</strong><strong>3</strong><strong>个小题</strong><strong>,</strong><strong>共</strong><strong>10</strong><strong>分</strong><strong>.</strong><strong>17</strong><strong>小题</strong><strong>2</strong><strong>分</strong><strong>,</strong><strong>18~19</strong><strong>小题各</strong><strong>4</strong><strong>分</strong><strong>,</strong><strong>每空</strong><strong>2</strong><strong>分</strong><strong>)</strong>
-
-
18.
按如图所示的程序框图进行计算,若输入
x的值为3时,则输出结果为
;若输入
x的值为16时,则输出结果为
.
![](//tikupic.21cnjy.com/2023/11/27/8a/be/8abed5851e30a6d0f0ab7f78daa79460_m_429x64.png)
-
19.
如图,某小区有一块四边形空地
ABCD , 为了美化小区环境,现计划在空地上铺上草坪,其中
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%A0%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmi%3EB%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%3D%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E9%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmn%3E0%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmo%3E%C2%B0%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
,
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3EA%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3EB%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%3D%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E3%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmtext%3Em%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
,
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3EB%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3EC%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%3D%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E4%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmtext%3Em%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
,
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3EC%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3ED%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%3D%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmtext%3Em%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
,
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3EA%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3ED%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%3D%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmn%3E3%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmtext%3Em%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
.
![](//tikupic.21cnjy.com/2023/11/27/01/7a/017a2ae5103a922a83605f015a7ee2de_m_200x147.png)
-
(1)
连接
AC , 则
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3EA%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3EC%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%3D%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
m.
-
(2)
这块草坪的面积为
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsup%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3Em%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsup%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
.
三、解答题</strong><strong>(</strong><strong>本大题共</strong><strong>7</strong><strong>个小题</strong><strong>,</strong><strong>共</strong><strong>72</strong><strong>分</strong><strong>.</strong><strong>解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤</strong><strong>)</strong>
-
20.
计算:
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmroot%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmn%3E7%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E3%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmroot%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%92%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmsqrt%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmsup%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%92%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsup%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsqrt%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
.
-
21.
已知
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmn%3E5%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmi%3Ea%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%2B%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E3%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
的立方根是2,
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmn%3E3%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmi%3Eb%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%2B%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
的算术平方根是5,求
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3Ea%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%2B%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmi%3Eb%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
的平方根.
-
22.
《九章算术》是我国古代最重要的数学著作之一,在“勾股”章中记载了一道“折竹抵地”问题:“今有竹高丈,末折抵地,去本三尺,问折者高几何?”翻译如下:如图,有一根竹子高一丈,现在
A处折断,竹梢落在地面的
B处,
B与竹根部
C相距3尺,求折断点
A与地面的高度
AC . (注:1丈=10尺)
![](//tikupic.21cnjy.com/2023/11/27/b5/34/b534a7c27a71660dc00b13ff0fbd29e0_m_130x175.png)
-
23.
如图,这是一个棱长为1cm的正方体空盒子(盒子表面厚度忽略不计).
![](//tikupic.21cnjy.com/2023/11/14/33/7d/337dfe4f38328c715da7caec3852a84e_122x117.png)
-
(1)
盒子外有一只蚂蚁从点A沿表面爬到相对的点B , 求蚂蚁爬行的最短路程.
-
(2)
盒子内有一只飞虫从点A飞到相对的点B , 求飞虫飞行的最短路程.
-
24.
一只蚂蚁从点
A沿数轴向左爬了2个单位长度到达点
B , 点
A表示
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsqrt%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E3%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsqrt%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 设点
B所表示的数为
m .
-
(1)
求
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%7C%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3Em%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%2B%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%7C%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%2B%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%7C%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3Em%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%92%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%7C%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
的值.
-
(2)
在数轴上还有
C、
D两点分别表示实数
C、
d , 且满足
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsqrt%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3Ec%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%2B%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E3%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsqrt%3E%3Cmo%3E%2B%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%7C%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3Ed%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%92%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E9%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%7C%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%3D%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E0%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 求
cd的立方根.
-
25.
如图,在
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmtext%3E%E2%96%B3%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmi%3EA%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3EB%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3EC%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
中,
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3EA%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3EC%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%3D%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E6%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmtext%3Ec%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3Em%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
,
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3EB%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3EC%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%3D%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E8%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmtext%3Ec%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3Em%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
,
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3EA%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3EB%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%3D%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmn%3E0%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmtext%3Ec%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3Em%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
,
AB的垂直平分线交
AB于点
D , 交
BC于点
E .
![](//tikupic.21cnjy.com/2023/11/27/5c/dc/5cdc79655a18dc3d05351d3f32456420_m_141x107.png)
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(1)
试说明
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmtext%3E%E2%96%B3%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmi%3EA%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3EB%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3EC%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
为直角三角形.
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26.
我们把对角线互相垂直的四边形称为“垂美四边形”.如图1,已知四边形
ABCD ,
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3EA%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3EC%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%8A%A5%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmi%3EB%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3ED%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 像这样的四边形称为“垂美四边形”.
![](//tikupic.21cnjy.com/2023/11/27/fe/b9/feb96c1f7dd010554345d466960d3a95_m_510x148.png)
图1 图2 图3
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(3)
拓展应用
如图3,在长方形ABCD中,E为AD的中点,若四边形ABCE为“垂美四边形”,且
, 求AB的长.