15.
如图甲所示,在足够大的光滑绝缘水平面上建立xOy坐标系。y轴左侧有宽为L的匀强电场区域,电场方向平行于y轴且沿y轴正方向,匀强电场左侧有一电压为U的加速电场。一质量为
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmfrac%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3Em%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmfrac%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
电荷量为
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmo%3E%2B%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmi%3Eq%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
的带电小球a在A点由静止释放,加速后撤去加速电场,带电小球a由x轴上的坐标为
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%92%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmi%3EL%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmn%3E++%EF%BC%8C+%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmn%3E0%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
的P点沿x轴正向进入匀强电场,之后与静止在y轴上坐标为
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E0%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmn%3E++%EF%BC%8C+%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmfrac%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3EL%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmfrac%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
的Q点的不带电的质量为m小球b发生弹性正碰。空间存在一圆形匀强磁场区域,磁场的磁感应强度B随时间t的变化规律如图乙所示,取磁场垂直纸面向外为正方向。
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3Et%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%3D%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmfrac%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3ET%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E0%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E4%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmfrac%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
时刻进入磁场的小球b始终在磁场区域内沿闭合轨迹做周期性运动。两个小球的大小完全相同且大小均可以忽略,在碰撞瞬间电荷平分,y轴左侧电场消失。试求:
![](//tikupic.21cnjy.com/2023/04/10/a4/a0/a4a03b8d5cb47046766d4bd5ae85326e_640x235.png)