Pubs are an important part of British life. Pubs, formally public houses, are common in towns and villages in England. People usually talk, eat, drink, meet their friends and relax there. You can order soft drinks like orange juice, cola or coffee, but many people go to pubs to have an alcoholic drink. Many types of alcoholic drinks are available, but the most popular drink is beer.
Traditional English beer comes in a variety of local flavors and is called 'draught'beer. All draught beer is served from a hand pump on the bar rather than in bottles or cans. Unlike American or other European beers, it is served cool but not cold. Nowadays, a lot of English people enjoy a European beers called lager（淡味啤酒）. This is lighter, more refreshing（清新的）and is served cold. Beer is sold in pint or half-pint glasses （a pint is just over half a litre). When you order a drink, ask for a'pint'or a'half'of the beer you want to try.
There is no waiter service in an English pub. You go to the bar and place your order to the pub staff. They will pour your drinks and pass them to you. They will then tell you how much to pay. You have to pay your drinks there and then. After receiving your change, you can carry your drinks back to a table to enjoy. It is usual for friends to take turns buying drinks for each other. This is known as'buying a round'.
Pubs sell cheap food too. The choice of food ranges（涉及）from small bar snacks such as crisps and peanuts, to three-course meals. A popular meal during the summer months is a 'ploughman's lunch'. This is a dish of bread, cheese or ham, and salad which is served cold. You will often find a pub's menu written on a blackboard. There may even be daily specials for you to try.
You must be at least 18 years old to buy alcohol（含酒精的饮料)in England. Children under 14 years old are not usually allowed inside a pub, but families with children can sit outside in the garden, known as the beer garden, when the weather is warm. Parents are allowed to buy soft drinks for their children.
Pubs are places where people go to enjoy themselves. People like to drink, eat, talk with friends and have a good time. If you go to an English pub, you will get a true taste of English life.
Uniforms, used for identifying people, are seen almost everywhere in the world. They are a part of everyday life. Let's look at some of the reasons why people wear uniforms and the types of people that wear uniforms.
Many children have to wear a uniform at school. Boys and girls must wear the same coloured clothes and a school tie. There is often a school badge on the jacket or shirt. There are many reasons for having a school uniforms. Firstly, the uniforms shows that the children attend the same school. It is important for children to feel they belong to a school and that they identify with their school. Secondly, the uniform makes it easy for other people to tell which school the children go to. They know they must be on their best behaviour because people know which school they go to and the children are proud of their school. Thirdly, school uniforms are comfortable, smart clothing. Finally, it is cheaper for parents to buy one set of clothes for their child. Most parents cannot afford to buy lots of expensive, fashionable clothes for their children.
" Uncle Sam, " is usually used to refer to the United States or the US government. It is the nickname of the country. It is hard to believe that this nickname became known quite by accident and there was a man1" Uncle Sam." However, not many people have ever heard of such a man. Not even most young Americans.
The man was called Uncle Sam Wilson. He was born in Arlington, Massachusetts, September 13, 1776. At the age of 14 Sam joined the American Revolutionary War（美国革命）, and2in the army under George Washington until the end of the war. He then moved to Troy, New York states, and began a meatpacking business. He earned a reputation（赢得了声誉）for being honest and hardworking. He was locally respected and admired, thus greeted as Uncle Sam.
One day in 1812, a group of visitors came to Sam's meatpacking plant（肉类加工厂）. Among them was Government official. He3the capitalized letters（大写字母） EAUS on the packages of meat and asked what they stood for. A worker man replied that EA stood for Elbert Anderson, the businessman for whom Sam was working. And he added4that US（actually it was the short form for United States）stood for Uncle Sam Wilson. Soon soldiers were saying all army supplies were from " Uncle Sam " .
In May 1813, this story appeared in a newspaper published in New York. Since Uncle Sam was an example of a hard-working man and a lover of America, the idea of " Uncle Sam " as the name of this kind of man became well-known rapidly. Uncle Sam was ready to help5and place the interest of the nation（国家利益）above all—this is in line with （与 …… 符合）the American spirit. This makes the American consider Uncle Sam6the symbol of the USA. In 1961 the US Congress made a decision that "Uncle Sam " is the America's national symbol.
| A. reader B. used to C. sitting D. who E. reporter |
A young woman got on a bus, carrying her three-year-old baby. The conductor hurried to give her a warm welcome and then kindly asked the other passengers to make room for the woman and her child. On seeing this, people began to talk.
" You know this conductorbe very rude. Now Suddenly he has changed his bad behavior, " said a middle-aged man.
" Yes. He should be praised and we must write a letter to the company, " said a second passenger." That's right." another lady said, " If a newspaperis here so that more people could learn from him."
Just then a gentlemanlooked like a teacher turned to the conductor and said, " Excuse me, but can I know your name, please?Your excellent service should be praised …"
Before he could open his mouth, the three-year old childon the young woman's lap interrupted." I know his name. I call him Dad."
| A. as usual B. difficult C. well D. properly E. out of |
I had to make a big decision. Five years ago, I was working for a small engineering company. However, things were not going very well for the company and it was losing money. One day, the boss told us that the company wasbusiness. We were all unemployed.
That lunch time we went to the pub. We were all very sad. Well, of course, we talked about the problem. Then the landlord of the pub heard the news. He said, " Why don't you buy the company? " At first we all laughed, but then we started to discuss it. We knew the problems. The company had lost a lot of customers because it hadn't developed new products, but finally we decided to go for it.
So we bought the company. The first few years were very. But we worked hard and we had a bit of luck. We began to improve three years ago. Since then we have done pretty well. Last year we took on(招聘) four new people. And so far we haste taken on another ten.
注意：
① 短文必须包含下列三大点；
②第一至第三要点必须包含1—2个列表中所给词语，但第三点要适当发挥；
③短文标题与开头已为你写好，不计入总词数。
| 1）The main reason （主要原因） | a large amount of homework， difficult to work out ，lazy |
| 2）The harms （危害） | a bad habit， be against the rules of the school |
| 3）Your views （你的看法） | be honest， work hard |
（注意：短文中不得出现考生的姓名、校名及其他相关信息，否则不予评分。）
We are now living in the modern society. Most of the energy we use for heating, lighting, transportation and manufacturing （制造业）comes from fossil （化石）fuels. These are carbon-based fuels from oil, coal and natural gas. When we burn these fuels we release heat which p the energy.
There are three main disadvantages to using these fuels. Firstly, they are causing climate problems because of the G Effect. When we burn fossil fuels they produce carbon dioxide which causes global warming. Secondly, when we have used up all our coal, oil and natural gas, we will have n left to burn. Thirdly, they are not very efficient. The internal combustion engine （内燃机）that we use in most cars, trucks and buses, for example, is only about 14% efficient.
Scientists are working on another fuel — hydrogen. There are a couple of advantages to using hydrogen as a fuel. Firstly, because two-thirds of the e surface is water and water is made of hydrogen and oxygen. There is an almost unlimited supply of hydrogen. Secondly, burning hydrogen does not cause global warming. Thirdly, it is much more efficient than carbon-based fuels.
Unfortunately there are problems with hydrogen at the present time：there is the problem of separating （分离）it from water c, and there is the difficulty of storing it. It can be stored under pressure but high pressure tanks are far from safe. It can also be stored as a liquid but only at extremely low temperatures. It seems likely, therefore, that there will have to be a completely new technology before hydrogen replaces fossil fuels. S these problems is an urgent （急迫的）matter. Although China, India and Australia have huge amounts of cheap coal, and there are still l oil and gas reserves（储藏量）elsewhere, the effects on the planet's climate will be bad if they are used.
