第一部分 听力，第一节听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
第一部分 听力，第二节听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
第二部分 阅读理解，第一节阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
Successful wildlife conservation goes hand in hand with community education and engagement. Volunteers work with community leaders and schools to share their passion for conservation and the environment.
Rhino Conservation in Zimbabwe
The project is home to an internationally renowned Black Rhino Breeding and Release Programme which has supported Zimbabwe's rhino population since the mid 1980s. To date, 20 rhinos have been born at the conservancy, with 12 rhinos successfully released back into the wild. Volunteers play a role in securing the future of this once-again endangered animal, working alongside anti-poaching rangers（反偷猎护林员）, working on rhino research projects and getting involved in the daily care of both black and white rhino.
Our Rhino Conservation Programme is a unique hands-on opportunity to get behind the scenes and experience day-to-day life on a private conservancy, and be involved with the protection and conservation of Zimbabwe's endangered black rhino.
The aim of the programme is to assist the reserve's established Black Rhino Breeding and Release Programme, collect meaningful data and information relating to rhino and wildlife conservation and animal behaviour, and engage with the local community about wildlife conservation.
Cheetah（猎豹） Conservation
In 2021, two captive-born male cheetah were introduced to the conservancy as part of an international rewilding programme. The cheetah are now free-wandering in the reserve, and volunteers play an important role in monitoring and observing their behaviour, tracking their movements and recording their hunting rate.
Volunteer Work
Volunteers contribute to a long-term conservation project and get involved with a variety of conservation activities:
·Work alongside rhinos, cheetah and elephants
·Conservancy management
·Wildlife monitoring
·Anti-poaching patrols and snare sweeps
·Educate school-children about conservation, wildlife and the environment
·Learn about what is involved in running a conservancy
When trash sculptor Stephani e Hongo meets friends for drinks or dinner, it's not unusual for one of them to hand her shopping bags full of lids, empty soap bottles, and even a Barbie leg or two. By now, she's used to neighbors, friends and even strangers giving her their recyclable rejects.
But Hongo doesn't need any more garbage. She has a large collection of her own at home. "You don't need to be a trash picker to do this, " she says. "Trash is everywhere. " And for Hongo, where there is trash, there is art. Since 2017, Hongo has crafted complex sea creatures, realistic-looking jungle animals and other creatures out of everything from plastic forks to plastic tubing as well as a hair dryer, a purse, a tooth brush, and even a hair straightener.
Starting with her first piece—a blue deer named Yandoo that she fashioned out of odds and ends laying around her flat, which she screwed together and spray painted in a makeshift basement art studio—she's gone on to create more than 160 trash sculptures.
"I feel very fortunate, " says Hongo, who loves making a living as an artist. "I care about our environment. The upcycling aspect of it is a lovely byproduct. " Though she doesn't consider herself a true eco-artist, she hopes she's inspiring others to reuse items that usually end up in landfills. But for her, she says, "The art comes first. "
Before starting each project, Hongo figures out exactly what pieces of scrap（废旧的）metal, tubing and plastics she'll need to transform the pile of junk on her worktable into something fantastic, like a majestic octopus（章鱼） rocketing through the coral or a cute koala hugging a tree.
Since her funky creations sell on line at prices starting at $400, she's been fortunate enough to make trash sculpting her full-time career. "It's so much more than I ever expected, " she says.
With a fragrance（芳香） through the bedrooms of older adults for two hours every night for six months, memories skyrocketed. Participants in this study by University of California, Irvine （UCI） neuroscientists gained a 226% increase in cognitive capacity compared to the control group. The researchers say the finding transforms the long-known tie between smell and memory into an easy, non-invasive technique for strengthening memory and potentially preventing dementia（痴呆）.
The project was conducted through the UCI Center for the Neurobiology of Learning &. Memory. It involved men and women aged 60 to 85 without memory impairment. All were given seven small containers, each containing a single and different natural oil. People in the enriched group received full-strength oils. Control group participants were given the oils in tiny amounts. Participants put a different container into their room each evening prior to going to bed, and it activated for two hours as they slept.
People in the enriched group showed a 226% increase in cognitive performance compared to the control group, as measured by a word list test commonly used to evaluate memory. Participants also reported sleeping more soundly. The researchers say the results from their study bear out what scientists learned about the connection between smell and memory.
Scientists have long known that the loss of ability to smell, can predict development of nearly 70 neurological and psychiatric diseases. These include Alzheimer's and other dementias, Parkinson's and alcoholism. Researchers have previously found that exposing people with moderate dementia to up to 40 different smells twice a day over a period of time improved their memories and language skills, eased depression and improved their sense of smell.
The team would next like to study the technique's impact on people with diagnosed cognitive loss. A product based on their study and designed for people to use at home is expected to come onto the market this fall.
Researchers have proposed a novel method for counting and tracking vehicles on public roads, a development that could improve current traffic systems and help travelers get to their destinations faster.
Using the cameras already installed on campus buses at the Ohio State University, researchers proved that they could automatically and accurately measure counts of vehicles on urban roadways, detect objects in the road and distinguish parked vehicles from those that are moving.
In previous studies, Ohio State researchers found that using these mobile cameras provides much better spatial and temporal （时间的） coverage than relying on often temporarily placed sensors that don't provide a view of many streets and roads in a city.
"If we collect and process more high-resolution（高清的） spatial information about what's happening on the roads, then planners could better understand changes in demand, effectively improving efficiency in the broader transportation system, " said Keith Redmill, lead author of the study.
"If we can measure traffic in a way that is as good or better than what is conventionally done with fixed sensors, then we will have created something incredibly useful extremely cheaply, " he said. "Our goal is to start building a system that could do this without much manual intervention because if you want to collect this information over lots of potential vehicles and lots of time, it's worth fully automating that process. "
While still a long way from total implementation（实施）, the study suggests the system's results bear promise for the future of intelligen t trafficsurveillance. Transportation planners, engineers and operators make vital decisions about the future of our roadways, so when designing transportation systems to work over the next 30 to 50 years, it's necessary that we give them data that allows them to improve the efficiency of the system and the level of service provided to travelers.
第二部分 阅读理解，第二节任务型阅读（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
Your guide to a no-spend challenge
A no-spend challenge isn't about total deprivation（剥夺） or freezing your bank account. . The most common form of the challenge is to purchase only necessities and restrain from buying wants and impulse desires.
Assessing and prioritising needs
Before delving（深入探究） into the no-spend challenge, take the time to assess and differentiate your essential needs from your wants. Identify recurring bills, necessary expenditures and essential items. Distinguish them from free spending on non-essential products and services. This initial step lays the foundation for a realistic and sustainable challenge. .
Creating a realistic budget
A successful no-spend challenge is rooted in the development of a well-crafted budget that reflects your financial reality. . Allocate specific amounts for variable expenses such as groceries and bills, enhancing accountability and providing a clear roadmap for responsible spending during the challenge.
Support system
. A firm support system that understands and respects your financial goals createsa positive environment, fostering motivation and solidarity. Share tips, experiences and celebrate milestones together, turning the challenge into a shared journey towards financial consciousness.
As your challenge concludes, take enough time to reflect on the entire experience. What insights did you gain into your spending habits and priorities? Identify positive changes you want to maintain and integrate them into your long-term financial strategy.
The no-spend challenge is not merely a temporary exercise; it serves as a catalyst for enduring financial wellness. Embrace the journey, learn from the experience and watch as your financial goals transform into realities.
A. Establishing long-term habits
B. Understanding the no-spend challenge
C. It ensures that crucial aspects of your life remain unaffected
D. Begin by outlining your income, fixed expenses and any upcoming financial goals
E. Share your commitment with friends and family, encouraging them to support your effort
F. The no-spend challenge serves as an opportune moment to cultivate mindful spending habits
G. It represents a conscious decision to redirect your financial focus and control your spending habits
第三部分 语言知识运用，第一节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
Lisa was a teacher of my two sons. In 2000, she 1 to teach my elder son, Bob, who had difficulty in writing and reading. It took Lisa much patience to 2 Bob. With her special education, Bob 3 in his class and was finally admitted to a Chinese university with excellent grades. I 4 believed it was Lisa's special teaching style that made Bob finally 5 out. Years later, my complete 6 was confirmed again.
Luckily, my younger son, Mike, also studied in Lisa's class. Lisa made a bigger 7 on him. "Every student is unique, so 8 teaching is the key, " she said. "Every man has his price. " Because she was aware of her students' 9 , she designed multiple schemes to guide the children.
Mike's grades had fallen behind other students. It was a challenge for Lisa to teach him whose grades were at the 10 of the class. Lisa learned Mike had a（n） 11 personality. He liked meeting friends, loved chatting with them and enjoyed their 12 . It was because he often stayed with others that he didn't have enough time to focus on his 13 . Lisa not only taught Mike to 14 life and learning but also 15 time—most for study and some for fun. She even invited Mike's best friend to learn together with him and 16 them after school. Eventually, they significantly raised their scores. However, Lisa reminded me that it wasn't the scores but the 17 that mattered. She couldn't be more proud of my son's stepping 18 .
In terms of child education, Lisa is a（n） 19 example to all. Although Mike has graduated, I can't be more 20 . I really want to say to her again, "Thanks. "
第三部分 语言知识运用，第二节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
Diesel engines（柴油机） work on the same basic principles gasoline engines, but they do the work differently. Let's take a closer look.
The story of the diesel engine actually begins with the invention of the gasoline engine. Nikolaus August Otto （invent） the gasoline engine in 1861. His invention used the four-stroke combustion（四冲程燃烧） principle, also known as the "Otto Cycle", is the basis for most car engines today. In its early stage, the gasoline engine wasn't very efficient, and other major methods of transportation, such as the steam engine, performed （poor） as well. Only about 10 percent of the fuel （use） to power these types of engines actually moved a vehicle. The rest of the fuel simply produced useless heat.
Rudolf Diesel created an engine with high efficiency, and he devoted much of his time to （develop） a "combustion power engine". By 1892 Diesel had obtained a patent for we now call the diesel engine.
For decades, diesel engines had a reputation for being dirty and loud. While Europe adopted the technology pretty widely, most （drive） in the United States said, "No, thank you. " By the 21st century, though diesel engines became far cleaner, much （quiet） and even more efficient, they experienced a setback in popular opinion because of ascandal（丑闻） in 2014. Thanks to （they） proven efficiency, though, diesel engines are regaining some ground.
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分35分）
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Mary is one of my classmate, who I admire very much. She is cheerful but friendly, keeping smiling at others. That impresses me most is her sweet voice. The sound of her singing is as a waterfall on a mountain, flowed effortlessly and leaving a sense of calm. She is very focused when singing. Much of us usually hear her to sing songs after class. She always active participates in local music contests. So far, she won two prizes in our city. She also teaches us to sing. As a result, influencing by her, more and more students in our class like to sing.
假定你是李华，你的外教Novak精通小提琴，而你擅长琵琶（Chinese lute），你想跟他互相学习。请你给他写一封信，内容包括：1. 钦佩他的演奏；2. 提出互相学习。
注意：1. 词数100左右；2. 信的开头和结尾已为你写好。
