1. (2018高一下·辽宁期末) 阅读理解

    Traffic jam and cities, it seems go hand in hand. Everyone complains about being stuck in traffic, but, like the weather, no one seems to do anything about it. In particular, traffic engineers, transportation planners, and public officials responsible for transportation systems in large cities are frequently criticized for failing to solve traffic jam.

    But is traffic jam a sign of failure? Long lines at restaurants or theater's box offices are seen as signs of success. Should transportation systems be viewed any differently? I think we should recognize that traffic jam is an unpreventable by-product of successful cities and view the “traffic problem” in a different light.

    Traffic jam occurs where there are lots of people but limited spaces. Culturally and economically successful cities have the worst traffic problems, while decaying cities don't have much traffic. New York and Los Angeles are America's most crowded cities. But if you want access to major brokerage houses（经济行）, you will find them easier to reach in crowded New York than in any other large cities. And if your company needs access to post-production film editors or satellite-guidance engineers, you will reach them more quickly through the crowded freeways of LA than through less crowded roads elsewhere.

    Despite traffic jam, a larger number and wider variety of social communications and economic dealings can be made perfect in large, crowded cities than elsewhere. Seen in this light, traffic jam is an unfortunate result of success, not a cause of economic decline and urban decay.

    So while we can consider traffic jam as increasing costs on the areas of big cities, the costs of inaccessibility in uncrowded places are almost certainly greater.

    There is no doubt that traffic jam brings the terrible economic and environmental damage in places like Bangkok, Jakarta, and Lagos. But mobility（移动性）is far higher and traffic jam levels are far lower here in the US, even in our most crowded cities. That's why, for now, we don't see people and capital streaming out of San Francisco and Chicago, heading for other cities in California, and Illinois.

1. （1） We can conclude from the first paragraph that ________.

   A . traffic jam and weather are the two factors preventing the development of the big city B . traffic jam seems to be very difficult to deal with C . if traffic engineers try their best, traffic jam can be solved D . public officials are always criticized for misusing their power
3. （2） According to the passage, what's the author's opinion towards traffic jam?

   A . In cities, traffic jam is unavoidable. B . Traffic jam is both a sign of failure and a sign of success. C . Traffic jam is the consequence of successful cities. D . For a successful city, traffic jam is not unpreventable.
5. （3） By seeing “decaying” (in Para. 3), the writer probably means ________.

   A . strong and healthy B . developing C . rich and successful D . declining
7. （4） What can we learn from the last paragraph?

   A . The traffic jam level in Jakarta is lower than that in the US. B . The traffic jam in San Francisco has resulted in the capital becoming empty. C . Traffic jam has caused terrible bad effects in cities such as Bangkok and Lagos. D . California is as crowded and successful as San Francisco.