一、<strong><span>单项选择题(每题只有一个答案,每题</span></strong><strong><span>2</span></strong><strong><span>分,共</span></strong><strong><span>20</span></strong><strong><span>分)</span></strong>
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1.
中华优秀传统文化涉及了很多化学知识。下列有关说法错误的是( )
A . 白居易《赋得古原草送别》的诗句“野火烧不尽,春风吹又生”主要涉及放热反应
B . 刘长卿《酬张夏雪夜赴州访别途中苦寒作》的诗句“水声冰下咽,砂路雪中平”涉及固态冰和雪转化为液态水的吸热过程
C . 苏味道《正月十五夜》的诗句“火树银花合,星桥铁锁开”中涉及化学能转化为热能和光能
D . 赵学敏《本草纲目拾遗》中有对强水的记载:“性最猛烈,能蚀五金。”强水属于强电解质
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3.
下列说法错误的是( )
A . 增大反应物浓度,活化分子百分数增大,有效碰撞次数增多
B . 升高温度,活化分子的百分数增大,分子运动速率加快
C . 加入适宜的催化剂,能降低反应的活化能,活化分子的百分数增大
D . 有气体参加的化学反应,缩小容器容积,增大压强,单位体积内活化分子数增多
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4.
某温度下,等体积、
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3Ec%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmsup%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EH%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%2B%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsup%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
相同的盐酸和醋酸溶液分别加水稀释,溶液中的
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3Ec%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmsup%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EH%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%2B%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsup%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
随溶液体积变化的曲线如图所示。据图判断下列说法不正确的是( )
![](//tikupic.21cnjy.com/2023/11/30/11/dd/11dd330a67432bca921fcb5f68ff8714.png)
A . 曲线Ⅰ表示的是盐酸的变化曲线
B . b点溶液的导电能力比c点溶液的导电能力强
C . 取等体积的a点、b点对应的溶液,分别与足量NaOH反应,醋酸消耗NaOH的量大
D . 取等体积的a点、b点对应的溶液,分别与足量锌反应,产生的H2一样多
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5.
25℃时,几种弱酸的电离平衡常数如下,
以下说法不正确的是( )
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6.
在恒容的密闭容器中进行反应:
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmtext%3E2%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3ES%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EO%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E2%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3Eg%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E%2B%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EO%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E2%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3Eg%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E%E2%87%8C%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3E2%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3ES%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EO%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E3%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3Eg%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E%E2%80%8A%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3E%E2%80%8A%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3E%E2%80%8A%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3E%E2%80%8A%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3E%E2%80%8A%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3E%CE%94%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmi%3EH%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%26lt%3B%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E0%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 达到平衡后,改变某一条件,下列示意图正确的是( )
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7.
用下列实验方案或装置进行实验,不能达到相应实验目的的是( )
选项 | A | B | C | D |
实验方案或装置 | ![](//tikupic.21cnjy.com/2023/11/30/3e/3c/3e3cbfde0dab791e50cfc9de18a002d6.png)
| ![](//tikupic.21cnjy.com/2023/11/30/0b/0f/0b0f0dc8e7db5531ab24c113e18d848f.png)
| ![](//tikupic.21cnjy.com/2023/11/30/13/dc/13dcd04e13c7fa4b70010a54439ab13c.png)
| ![](//tikupic.21cnjy.com/2023/11/30/e0/f1/e0f19d29429c87703595f5c01eb407c8.png)
|
实验目的 | 中和热的测定 | 测定锌与稀硫酸反应的化学反应速率 | 探究温度对化学平衡的影响 | 比较Mg(OH)2与Cu(OH)2的Ksp大小 |
A . A
B . B
C . C
D . D
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8.
汽车尾气中NO产生的反应为:
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EN%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E2%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3Eg%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E%2B%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EO%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E2%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3Eg%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E%E2%87%8C%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3E2%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3EN%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3EO%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3Eg%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 一定条件下,等物质的量的
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EN%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E2%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3Eg%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
和
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EO%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E2%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3Eg%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
在恒容密闭容器中反应,右图曲线a表示该反应在温度T时,N
2的浓度随时间的变化。曲线b表示该反应在某一起始条件改变时N
2的浓度随时间的变化。下列叙述正确的是( )
![](//tikupic.21cnjy.com/2023/11/30/4c/a2/4ca297a9fecdb3d81566266f783de2fd_185x161.png)
A . 曲线b对应的条件改变可能是加入了催化剂
B . 若曲线b对应的条件改变是温度,可判断该反应的
C . 温度T下,该反应的平衡常数
D . 温度T下,随着反应的进行,混合气体的密度减小
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A . ①②③
B . ①③⑥
C . ①③⑤⑦
D . ②④⑥⑦
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10.
由下列实验事实所得出的结论正确的是( )
选项 | 实验事实 | 结论 |
A | 某温度下,向容积可变的密闭容器中加入足量CaCO3 , 发生反应 , 并达到平衡,将容器容积增大为原来的2倍 | 当体系再次达到平衡时,气体密度不变 |
B | 恒温恒容条件下, , 增加 的物质的量 | H2O的平衡转化率提高,且增大其反应速率 |
C | , 在反应达到平衡后,对平衡体系采取缩小容积、增大压强的措施,
| 因为平衡向正反应方向移动,故体系颜色变浅 |
D | 常温下,自发进行
| 则ΔH>0 |
A . A
B . B
C . C
D . D
二、单项选择题(每题只有一个答案,每题<strong><span>4</span></strong><strong><span>分,共</span></strong><strong><span>32</span></strong><strong><span>分)</span></strong>
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11.
已知下列3个热化学方程式(K为平衡常数):
①![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmtext%3EC%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3Eu%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E2%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3Cmtext%3ES%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3Es%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E%2B%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3E3%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3E%2F%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3E2%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EO%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E2%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3Eg%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E%E2%87%8C%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3EC%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3Eu%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E2%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3Cmtext%3EO%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3Es%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E%2B%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3ES%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EO%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E2%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3Eg%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E%E2%80%8A%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3E%E2%80%8A%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3E%E2%80%8A%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3E%CE%94%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3EH%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3Cmtext%3E%E2%80%8A%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3E%E2%80%8A%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3E%E2%80%8A%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3E%E2%80%8A%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3E%E2%80%8A%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3EK%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
②![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmtext%3E2%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3EC%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3Eu%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E2%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3Cmtext%3EO%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3Es%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E%2B%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3EC%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3Eu%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E2%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3Cmtext%3ES%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3Es%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E%E2%87%8C%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3E6%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3EC%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3Eu%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3Es%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E%2B%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3ES%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EO%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E2%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3Eg%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E%E2%80%8A%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3E%E2%80%8A%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3E%E2%80%8A%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3E%E2%80%8A%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3E%CE%94%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3EH%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3Cmtext%3E%E2%80%8A%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3E%E2%80%8A%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3E%E2%80%8A%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3E%E2%80%8A%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3E%E2%80%8A%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3EK%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
③![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmtext%3EC%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3Eu%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E2%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3Cmtext%3ES%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3Es%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E%2B%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EO%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E2%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3Eg%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E%E2%87%8C%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3E2%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3EC%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3Eu%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3Es%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E%2B%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3ES%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EO%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E2%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3Eg%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E%E2%80%8A%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3E%E2%80%8A%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3E%E2%80%8A%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3E%E2%80%8A%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3E%E2%80%8A%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3E%CE%94%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3EH%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E3%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3Cmtext%3E%E2%80%8A%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3E%E2%80%8A%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3E%E2%80%8A%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3E%E2%80%8A%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3E%E2%80%8A%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3EK%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E3%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
则ΔH3和K3的表达式分别为( )
-
-
-
14.
采用真空封管法制备磷化硼纳米颗粒,在发展非金属催化剂实现CO
2电催化还原制备甲醇方向取得重要进展,该反应历程如图所示。下列说法错误的是( )
![](//tikupic.21cnjy.com/2023/11/30/58/c6/58c6d76df5f69dea1280e833b367e473_390x183.png)
A . 容易得到的副产物有CO和CH2O,其中相对较多的副产物为CO
B . 上述合成甲醇的反应速率较慢,要使反应速率加快,主要降低*CO+*OH→*CO+*H2O的能量变化。
C . 该催化剂可有效提高反应物的平衡转化率
D . 总反应焓变
-
15.
在2L恒容密闭容器中充入2 mol SO
2和1 mol O
2发生反应:
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmtext%3E2%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3ES%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EO%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E2%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3Eg%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E%2B%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EO%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E2%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3Eg%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E%E2%87%8C%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3E2%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3ES%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EO%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E3%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3Eg%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E%E2%80%8A%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3E%E2%80%8A%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3E%E2%80%8A%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3E%E2%80%8A%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3E%E2%80%8A%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3E%CE%94%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmi%3EH%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%26lt%3B%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E0%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 其他条件相同,混合体系中SO
2的体积分数(x)随温度变化的关系如图所示。下列推断正确的是( )
![](//tikupic.21cnjy.com/2024/02/26/0c/cd/0ccd88e4624e8db30f371fafc05e997a.png)
A . Q点时,SO2的转化率最大
B . W点与M点SO2的反应速率相等
C . Q点时,充入:2 mol SO2和1 mol O2 , 重新平衡后SO2的平衡转化率与原平衡相等
D . M点时,充入SO3气体,重新平衡后SO2的体积分数
比原平衡大
-
16.
取50mL过氧化氢水溶液,在少量
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsup%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EI%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%92%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsup%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
存在下分解:
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmtext%3E2%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EH%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E2%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EO%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E2%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3Cmtext%3E%3D%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3E2%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EH%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E2%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3Cmtext%3EO%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3E%2B%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EO%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E2%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%86%91%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
。在一定温度下,测得O
2的放出量,转换成H
2O
2浓度(c)如下表:
t/min | 0 | 20 | 40 | 60 | 80 |
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3Ec%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmn%3E%2F%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3Em%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3Eo%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3El%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%8B%85%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmsup%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EL%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%92%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsup%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
| 0.80 | 0.40 | 0.20 | 0.10 | 0.050 |
下列说法正确的是( )
A . 反应10min时,测得O2体积为112mL(标准状况)
B . 反应速率先快后慢,100min时,过氧化氢分解完全
C . 20~40min,消耗H2O2的平均速率为
D . 用MnO2代替
也可催化H2O2的分解,降低反应活化能,但不改变反应历程
-
17.
在恒容密闭容器中通入X并发生反应:
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmtext%3E2%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3EX%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3Eg%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E%E2%87%8C%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3EY%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3Eg%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 温度下T
1、T
2下X的物质的量浓度
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3Ec%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EX%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
随时间t变化的曲线如图所示。下列叙述不正确的是( )
![](//tikupic.21cnjy.com/2023/11/30/35/8f/358f67f90abe77dec241530415fb7e31.png)
A . T1>T2 ,
B . M点时再加入一定量X,平衡后X的体积分数减小
C . M点的正反速率
大于N点的逆反应速率
D . T2下,在0~t1时间内,
-
18.
温度为T
1时,在三个容积均为1L的恒容密闭容器中按如表三种投料进行反应:
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmtext%3E2%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3ES%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EO%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E3%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3Eg%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E%E2%87%8C%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3E2%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3ES%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EO%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E2%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3Eg%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E%2B%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EO%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E2%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3Eg%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E%E2%80%8A%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3E%E2%80%8A%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3E%E2%80%8A%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3E%E2%80%8A%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3E%E2%80%8A%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3E%CE%94%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmi%3EH%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmtext%3E%26gt%3B%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmn%3E0%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
。结果如表,实验测得:
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3Ev%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E%E6%AD%A3%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3Cmo%3E%3D%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3Ek%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E%E6%AD%A3%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3Cmsup%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3Ec%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsup%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3ES%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EO%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E3%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
,
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3Ev%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E%E9%80%86%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3Cmo%3E%3D%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3Ek%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E%E9%80%86%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3Cmsup%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3Ec%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsup%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3ES%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EO%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E2%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%8B%85%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmi%3Ec%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EO%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E2%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
,
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3Ek%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E%E6%AD%A3%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
、
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3Ek%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E%E9%80%86%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
为速率常数。下列说法正确的是( )
容器编号 | 物质的起始浓度/ ![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3Em%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3Eo%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3El%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%8B%85%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmsup%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EL%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%92%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsup%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E) | 物质的平衡浓度/ ![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3Em%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3Eo%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3El%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%8B%85%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmsup%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EL%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%92%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsup%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E) |
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3Ec%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3ES%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EO%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E3%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
| ![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3Ec%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3ES%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EO%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
| ![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3Ec%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EO%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
| ![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3Ec%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3ES%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EO%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
|
Ⅰ | 0.3 | 0 | 0 | 0.2 |
Ⅱ | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.2 | |
Ⅲ | 0.3 | 0 | 0.1 | |
A . 温度为T1时,该反应的平衡常数为0.2
B . 容器Ⅱ中起始时,
C . 达平衡时,容器Ⅲ中SO2的体积分数大于50%
D . 容器Ⅰ中达平衡后,温度改变为T2时,若
, 则T1>T2
三、非选择题(<strong><span>3</span></strong><strong><span>小题,共</span></strong><strong><span>48</span></strong><strong><span>分)</span></strong>
-
19.
某化学小组为了探究外界条件对化学反应速率的影响,进行了如下实验。
【实验原理】![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmtext%3E2%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3EK%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3EM%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3En%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EO%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E4%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3Cmtext%3E%2B%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3E5%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EH%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E2%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EC%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E2%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EO%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E4%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3Cmtext%3E%2B%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3E3%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EH%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E2%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3Cmtext%3ES%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EO%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E4%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3Cmtext%3E%3D%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3E1%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3E0%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3EC%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EO%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E2%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%86%91%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmtext%3E%2B%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3E2%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3EM%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3En%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3ES%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EO%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E4%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3Cmtext%3E%2B%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3E8%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EH%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E2%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3Cmtext%3EO%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3E%2B%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EK%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E2%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3Cmtext%3ES%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EO%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E4%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
【实验内容及记录】
实验序号 | 温度℃ | 试管中所加试剂及其用量mL | 溶液紫色褪至无色所需时间/min |
0.04 mol/L KMnO4溶液 | 0.36 mol/L H2SO4 | 0.2 mol/L H2C2O4溶液 | H2O |
① | 20 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 4.0 |
② | 20 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 3.0 | Vx | 3.6 |
③ | 40 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 0.92 |
-
(1)
实验原理中,1 mol KMnO4参加反应时,转移电子的物质的量为mol。
-
(2)
实验①、②探究的是对反应速率的影响,表中Vx=。
-
-
(4)
实验①中,4.0min内,
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3Ev%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EM%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3En%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmsubsup%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EO%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E4%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%92%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsubsup%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%3D%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmtext%3Em%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3Eo%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3El%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%8B%85%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmsup%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EL%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%92%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsup%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%8B%85%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmtext%3Em%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3Ei%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmsup%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3En%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%92%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsup%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
。
-
(5)
反应过程中,反应速率随时间的变化趋势如图所示。
![](//tikupic.21cnjy.com/2023/11/30/f0/ad/f0ad683723c429a95aa07785dc22d7bc.png)
其中,因反应放热导致温度升高对速率影响不大,试推测t1-t2速率迅速增大的主要原因是。若用实验证明你的推测,除了表中试剂外,还需向试管中加入少量固体,该固体应为(填标号)。
A.K2SO4 B.MnSO4 C.MnO2
-
20.
氢能是一种极具有发展潜力的清洁能源。工业制取氢气的方法较多。
-
(1)
方法Ⅰ:一氧化碳水蒸气催化重整法
反应原理:![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmtext%3EC%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3EO%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3Eg%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E%2B%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EH%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E2%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3Cmtext%3EO%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3Eg%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E%E2%87%8C%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3EC%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EO%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E2%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3Eg%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E%2B%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EH%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E2%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3Eg%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E%E2%80%8A%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3E%E2%80%8A%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3E%E2%80%8A%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3E%E2%80%8A%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3E%E2%80%8A%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3E%CE%94%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmi%3EH%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%3D%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%92%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E4%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmn%3E.%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmtext%3E%E2%80%8A%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3E%E2%80%8A%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3E%E2%80%8A%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3Ek%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3EJ%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%8B%85%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmtext%3Em%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3Eo%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmsup%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3El%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%92%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsup%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
研究表明,上述反应在Fe
3O
4催化下进行,反应历程如下:
第1步:![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmtext%3EF%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3Ee%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E3%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EO%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E4%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3Es%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E%2B%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3E4%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3EC%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3EO%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3Eg%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E%E2%87%8C%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3E3%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3EF%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3Ee%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3Es%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E%2B%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3E4%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3EC%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EO%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E2%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3Eg%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E%E6%85%A2%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E%E2%80%8A%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3E%E2%80%8A%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3E%E2%80%8A%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3E%E2%80%8A%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3E%E2%80%8A%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3E%CE%94%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmi%3EH%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%3D%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%92%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmn%3E4%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmn%3E.%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmn%3E0%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmtext%3E%E2%80%8A%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3E%E2%80%8A%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3E%E2%80%8A%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3Ek%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3EJ%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%8B%85%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmtext%3Em%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3Eo%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmsup%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3El%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%92%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsup%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
第2步:
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmtext%3E%CE%94%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmi%3EH%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%3D%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
下图中能体现一氧化碳水蒸气法反应历程的能量变化的是(填标号)。
A.
B.
C.
D.![](//tikupic.21cnjy.com/2023/11/30/50/a6/50a6165ee65893ea066b6986e3d8b1bd_127x94.png)
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(2)
方法Ⅱ:丙烷分解法:
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EC%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E3%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EH%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E8%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3Eg%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E%E2%87%8C%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EC%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E3%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EH%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E6%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3Eg%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E%2B%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EH%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E2%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3Eg%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E%E2%80%8A%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3E%E2%80%8A%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3E%E2%80%8A%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3E%E2%80%8A%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3E%E2%80%8A%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3E%CE%94%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmi%3EH%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
。
一定温度下,向5L恒容密闭容器中充入2 mol C
3H
8发生反应,测得平衡时气体压强是开始时的1.75倍。
①下列能说明该反应达到平衡状态的是(填标号)。
A.C3H8分解速率与C3H6生成速率相等 B.
保持不变
C.混合气体的密度保持不变 D.混合气的平均摩尔质量保持不变
②C3H8的平衡转化率为。
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(3)
总压强分别为p
1、p
2时,上述反应在不同温度下达到平衡,测得丙烷和丙烯的物质的量分数分别如下图所示:
①压强:p1p2 , ΔH0(填“>”或“<”)
②在压强p1条件下,起始时充入一定量丙烷发生反应,计算Q点对应温度下该反应的压强平衡常数
(用p1表示)。
(用各气体的平衡分压代替其物质的量浓度计算,可表示压强平衡常数,分压=总压×物质的量分数)
![](//tikupic.21cnjy.com/2023/11/30/b3/16/b316ed3ded5e098ecacc82bbac9fc2c9_311x237.png)
图1
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21.
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(1)
亚硫酸与硫酸都是硫元素常见的含氧酸。亚硫酸是弱酸,硫酸是强酸。请写出亚硫酸在水中的电离方程式:。
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(2)
硫酸是一种重要的基本化工产品,接触法制硫酸生产中的关键工序是SO
2的催化氧化:
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmtext%3E2%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3ES%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EO%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E2%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3Eg%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E%2B%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EO%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E2%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3Eg%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E%E2%87%8C%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3E2%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3ES%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EO%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E3%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3Eg%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E%E2%80%8A%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3E%E2%80%8A%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3E%E2%80%8A%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3E%E2%80%8A%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3E%E2%80%8A%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3E%CE%94%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmi%3EH%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%3D%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%92%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmn%3E9%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmn%3E6%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmn%3E.%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmn%3E6%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmtext%3E%E2%80%8A%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3E%E2%80%8A%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3E%E2%80%8A%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3Ek%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3EJ%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%8B%85%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmtext%3Em%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3Eo%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmsup%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3El%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%92%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsup%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 回答下列问题。
![](//tikupic.21cnjy.com/2023/11/30/08/5e/085e7f04bdd2bb82fc4400b4c922ffd1_204x177.png)
某温度下,在体积为2L的刚性密闭容器中投入2 mol SO2和3.5 mol O2 , 右图是
和
随时间的变化曲线。
①10分钟时,![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3Ev%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E%E6%AD%A3%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
(填<,=,>),0~10分钟;SO3的平均速率
。
②反应达到平衡时,反应的平衡常数
(保留3位有效数字)。
③下列情况不能说明该反应达到化学平衡的是。
A.
B.混合气体的相对分子质量不再变化
C.混合气体的压强保持不变 D.![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3Ev%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E%E6%AD%A3%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3ES%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EO%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E3%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%3D%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3Ev%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E%E9%80%86%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EO%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E2%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
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(3)
下表列出了在不同温度和压强下,反应达到平衡时SO
2的转化率。
温度℃ | 平衡时SO2的转化率/% |
0.1MPa | 0.5MPa | 1MPa | 5MPa | 10MPa |
450 | 97.5 | 98.9 | 99.2 | 99.6 | 99.7 |
550 | 85.6 | 92.9 | 94.9 | 97.7 | 98.3 |
①从表中数据得出,最优的条件是。
②在实际生产中,选定的温度为400~500℃和常压(0.1MPa),原因是。
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(4)
当
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmtext%3ES%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EO%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E2%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3Eg%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
、
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EO%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E2%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3Eg%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
和
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EN%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E2%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3Eg%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
起始的物质的量分数分别为7.5%、10.5%和82%时,在0.5MPa、2.5MPa和5.0MPa压强下,SO
2平衡转化率
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmtext%3E%CE%B1%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
随温度的变化如下图所示。反应在5.0MPa、550℃时的
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmtext%3E%CE%B1%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmo%3E%3D%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
。影响
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmtext%3E%CE%B1%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
的因素有温度、压强和
。
![](//tikupic.21cnjy.com/2023/11/30/24/53/2453aad936d20b743579cc572455baf1.png)