一、选择题:本大题共10小题,每小题3分,共30分.
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1.
-2的倒数是( )
A .
B . -2
C .
D . 2
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2.
2022年10月16日,中国共产党第二十次全国代表大会在北京人民大会堂开幕.开幕式中一组组亮眼的数据,展示了新时代十年发展的新成就.其中,国内生产总值从540000亿元增长到1140000亿元.把“1140000”用科学记数法表示为( )
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3.
从左面观察如图所示的几何体,看到的几何体的形状图是( )
![](//tikupic.21cnjy.com/2023/03/01/38/3c/383c57824e5faacb25f13f63451a2a3a.png)
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4.
如图所示,某同学的家在
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3EP%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
处,他想尽快赶到附近
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3EC%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
处搭顺风车.他选择第②条路线,用几何知识解释其道理正确的是( )
![](//tikupic.21cnjy.com/2023/09/11/80/3d/803da33602c76fe67f23e8d14a10aeef_m_256x150.png)
A . 两点确定一条直线
B . 两点之间,线段最短
C . 垂线段最短
D . 经过一点有无数条直线
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5.
下列调查中,适合采用抽样调查的是( )
A . 疫情期间对全班学生的体温检测
B . 学校招聘教师,对应聘人员进行面试
C . 对八名同学的身高情况进行调查
D . 对中学生目前的睡眠情况进行调查
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7.
某文具店一支铅笔的售价为1.2元,一支圆珠笔的售价为2元.该店在“六·一”儿童节举行文具优惠售卖活动,铅笔按原价打八折出售,圆珠笔按原价打九折出售,结果两种笔共卖出60支,卖得金额87元.若设铅笔卖出
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3Ex%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
支,则依题意可列得的一元一次方程为( )
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8.
已知关于
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3Ex%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
的方程
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E3%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%92%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3Em%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%2B%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmsup%3E%3Cmi%3Ex%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%7C%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmi%3Em%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%7C%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsup%3E%3Cmo%3E%3D%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E0%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
是一元一次方程,则
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3Em%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
的值为( )
A . 1
B . -1
C . 1或-1
D . 以上结果均不正确
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9.
如图,一副三角板(直角顶点重合)摆放在桌面上,若
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%A0%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmi%3EA%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3EO%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3ED%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%3D%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E150%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmo%3E%C2%B0%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 则
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%A0%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmi%3EB%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3EO%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3EC%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%3D%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
( )
![](//tikupic.21cnjy.com/2023/09/11/2b/cc/2bcc969ecd9e5f0ce3b29e298272dab2_m_280x126.png)
A . 30°
B . 45°
C . 50°
D . 60°
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10.
如图,用若干根小木棒拼成图形,拼第1个图形需要3根小木棒,拼第2个图形需要7根小小木棒,拼第3个图形需要11根小木棒……若按照这样的方法拼成第
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3En%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
个图形需要103根小木棒,则
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3En%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
的值为( )
![](//tikupic.21cnjy.com/2023/09/11/9b/b6/9bb6bf6ce55439ea04054f998b54200a_m.png)
A . 34
B . 36
C . 26
D . 24
二、填空题:本大题共5小题,每小题3分,共15分.
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11.
(2021七上·锦江期中)
某正方体的每个面上都有一个汉字,如图是它的一种表面展开图,那么在原正方体中,与“功”字所在面相对面上的汉字是
![](//tikupic.21cnjy.com/2022/10/21/7d/41/7d41247c09e933ace2be4b83ae2cb076.png)
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12.
(2021七上·福田期末)
用一个平面去截下列几何体:①圆柱; ②正方体; ③棱锥; ④圆锥; ⑤长方体; ⑥球, 其截出的面可能是圆的有
.(填序号)
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13.
如图,若CB=4cm,DB=7cm,且D是AC的中点,则AC=cm.
![](//tikupic.21cnjy.com/3d/b3/3db3960a03b153f1cb90206e5580d134.png)
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15.
在一条可以折叠的数轴上,
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3EA%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
,
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3EB%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
表示的数分别是
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%92%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E9%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 4,如图,以点
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3EC%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
为折点,将此数轴向右对折,若点
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3EA%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
在点
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3EB%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
的右边,且
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3EA%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3EB%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%3D%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 则点
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3EC%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
表示的数是
.
![](//tikupic.21cnjy.com/2023/09/11/26/c5/26c569864cd2ea24d74eb884464a8e89_m_434x108.png)
三、解答题(一):本大题共3小题,每小题8分,共24分.
-
16.
计算:
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%92%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmsup%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmsup%3E%3Cmo%3E%2B%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%5B%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E18%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%92%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%92%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E3%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%C3%97%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%5D%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%C3%B7%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E4%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
.
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17.
一个几何体由一些大小相同的小立方块搭成,如图是从上面看到的这个几何体的形状图,小正方形上面的数字表示在该位置的小立方块的个数,请在网格中画出从正面和左面看到的该几何体的形状图.
![](//tikupic.21cnjy.com/2023/09/11/af/d7/afd7cfcc2ffbdecc79c52e36578fa92c_m_435x175.png)
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四、解答题(二):本大题共3小题,每小题9分,共27分.
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19.
随着科技的进步和网络资源的丰富,在线学习成为更多人的自主学习选择.某校计划为学生提供以下四类在线学习方式:在线阅读、在线听课、在线答题和在线讨论,为了解学生需求,该校随机对本校部分学生进行了“你对哪类在线学习方式最感兴趣”的调查(只能单选),并根据调查结果绘制成如下两幅不完整的统计图.
![](//tikupic.21cnjy.com/2023/09/11/45/f5/45f56af07d047eb0b05c484cb905cd2e_m_505x207.png)
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(3)
求扇形统计图中“在线讨论”对应的扇形圆心角的度数;
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(4)
该校共有学生3000名,请你估计该校对“在线阅读”最感兴趣的学生有多少名?
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(1)
求线段
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3EC%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3EM%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
的长;
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21.
定义一种新运算:对任意有理数
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3Ea%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
,
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3Eb%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
都有
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3Ea%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%8A%95%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmi%3Eb%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%3D%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmi%3Ea%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%92%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmi%3Eb%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 例如:
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%8A%95%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E3%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmo%3E%3D%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%92%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmo%3E%C3%97%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E3%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmo%3E%3D%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%92%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E4%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
.
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(1)
求
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%92%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E3%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%8A%95%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
的值;
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五、解答题(三):本大题共2小题,每小题12分,共24分.
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(3)
如图3,当
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%A0%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmi%3EA%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3EO%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3EB%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%3D%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmi%3E%CE%B1%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
,
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%A0%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmi%3EB%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3EO%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3EC%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%3D%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmi%3E%CE%B2%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
时,请直接写出
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%A0%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmi%3EM%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3EO%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3EN%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
与
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3E%CE%B1%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
,
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3E%CE%B2%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
的数量关系:
-
23.
如图是暖瓶与水杯的价格示意图.
![](//tikupic.21cnjy.com/2023/09/11/48/e5/48e50a5d573b59d6b2060fad8bfd2848_m_473x146.png)
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(2)
甲、乙两家商场同时出售同样的暖瓶和水杯.为了迎接新年,两家商场都在搞促销活动.甲商场规定:这两种商品都打九折;乙商场规定:买一个暖瓶赠送一个水杯.若某单位想要买4个暖瓶和15个水杯,请问选择哪家商场购买更合算,并说明理由.