21.
(2021高三上·浙江开学考)
如图所示,
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3EA%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3EB%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3EC%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3ED%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
为一液体槽:
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3EA%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3EB%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
、
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3EC%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3ED%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
所在的侧面为铜板,其他侧面及底面为绝缘板,槽中盛满导电液体(设该液体导电时不发生电解)。现用质量不计的柔软细铜丝在下端固定一铁球构成一单摆,铜丝的上端固定在O点。下端穿出铁球使得单摆摆动时细铜丝始终与导电液体接触(小球与液体不接触。铜丝与导电液体的阻力忽略不计),O点与液体槽的中央在同一条竖直线上。在
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3EA%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3EB%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
、
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3EC%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3ED%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
所在的铜板面上接上左下图所示电源。电源内阻可忽略。电动势
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3EF%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%3D%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E8%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmtext%3EV%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
。将电源负极和细铜丝的上端点分别连接到传感器上。现将摆球拉离平衡位置使其在垂直于
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3EA%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3EB%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
、
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3EC%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3ED%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
的竖直面上做简谐运动,图为闭合开关S后某段时间内传感器显示的摆球与
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3EC%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3ED%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
板之间的电压波形,根据这一波形,可以得出: