A 17-year-old Bangladeshi boy has won this year's International Children's Peace Prize for his work to fight cyberbullying(网络欺凌）in his country.
The prize winner, Sadat Rahman, promised to keep fighting online bullying until it no longer exists. "The fight against cyberbullying is like a war, and in this war I am a soldier, " Sadat Rahman said during a ceremony on November 13 in The Hague, the Netherlands. He added, " If everybody keeps supporting me, then together we will win this battle against cyberbullying. "
Rahman developed a mobile phone application that provides education about online bullying and a way to report cases of it. He said he began his work on the project after hearing the story of a 15-year-old girl who took her own life as a result of cyberbullying. " I will not stop until we receive no more cases through the app, " Rahman said at the ceremony.
The award comes with a fund of over $118, 000, which is offered by the KidsRights Foundation. The group chooses projects to support causes that are closely linked to the winner's work.
Past well-known winners of the prize include Pakistani human rights activist Malala Yousafzai. Swedish climate activist Greta Thunberg won the prize too. And students who organized the March for Our Lives event in 2018 after a deadly mass shooting at their school in the American state of Florida also won.
Yousafzai won the International Children's Peace Prize in 2013. A year later, she won the Nobel Peace Prize for campaigning for girls to have a universal right to education. She praised Rahman's work during the ceremony. She spoke through video conferencing. "All children have the right to be protected from violence no matter if it is physical or mental, ofline or online, " she said. "Cyberbullying goes against that right. "
You are on your way to a concert. At a crossroad, you see a group of people, all staring at the sky. Without even thinking about it, you stare upward, too. Why? In the middle of the concert, someone begins to clap and suddenly the whole room joins in. You do, too. Why?
Social proof determines that people feel they are behaving correctly when they act the same as other people. In other words, the more people who follow a certain idea, the better or truer we consider the idea to be. An experiment carried out by the psychologist(心理学家) Solomon Asch shows how peer pressure can influence common sense. A subject is showed a line, and next to it three lines - one shorter, one longer and one of the same length as the original one. He must show which of the three lines similar to the original one. If the person is alone, he gives a correct answer. Now, five unknown actors enter the room. One after another, they give wrong answers. And in one third of cases, the subject will answer incorrectly to match the other people's responses.
Why do we act like this? Well, in the past, following others was a survival method. Suppose that one day 5, 000 years ago, you were travelling with your hunter friends. Suddenly, they all ran away. What would you have done? Would you have stood still, weighing up whether what you were looking at was a lion or something that just looked like a lion? No, you would have run, too. We are generations of those who copied others' behaviors. This is so deeply rooted in us that we still use it, though it offers few survival advantages today.
Social proof is the evil behind many things. The advertising industry, for example, often makes use of it. Therefore, be doubtful whenever a company says its product is "the most popular". Remember British novelist W. Somerset Maugham's words, "If 50 million people say something foolish, it is still foolish. "So should we always follow the crowd?
Your mom tells you to wash your hands a hundred times a day. Everyone knows now that dirty hands spread germs and diseases. But back in the mid-1800s, Dr. Ignaz Semmelweis made this groundbreaking discovery at a hospital in Vienna, Austria.
Semmelweis was a doctor who was puzzled by the number of women dying from "childbed fever" in his hospital just days after giving birth. He and his colleagues performed autopsies(尸体解剖) on the women who died to try to determine the cause. Often they had to leave the autopsy room and rush to the delivery room to assist another woman to give birth without washing hands. The hospital had two delivery rooms; doctors delivered babies in the first room and midwives delivered them in the second. Semmelweis's first clue to the cause of the fever was that numbers showed fewer women died from fever in the midwives' room than in the doctors' room. So, what was different? Aha! Midwives didn't do autopsies!
His second clue came when one of his friends, Dr. Jakob Kolletschka, was cut by a knife during an autopsy of a woman who'd died after childbirth. Kolletschka died a few days later, after showing something similar to childbed fever. Semmelweis theorized that the knife carried something that caused Kolletschka's sickness. This scientific observation led Semmelweis to conclude that three things were needed to spread this disease: infected tissue, a means of transporting the infected tissue, and contact with healthy tissue.
Semmelweis then insisted that doctors wash their hands when going from autopsy to bedside. He became crazy about cleanliness. That made his colleagues treat him more like a madman than a hero.
The attitude of his peers and the realization that he, personally, had been responsible for the deaths of many mothers deeply saddened him. In 1865, at age 47, Semmelweis died a broken man. Perhaps now is a good time to express our thanks.
Have your dreams of happy family weekends been left in the wake of endless loads of laundry and battling traffic to take kids to Saturday sports?
Taking time to plan may seem like the quickest way to ruin your weekend. Sit down with your partner on a Friday evening and break the weekend into six blocks: Saturday morning, afternoon, and evening and then the same for Sunday. Write a list of to-dos and who is going to be responsible for what. Creating a block schedule helps couples decide together what needs to get done and how best to use the time they have left to spend with the family.
We all have high hopes for our weekend time and the time we spend with our families, but if your expectations are too high, you may be creating unnecessary stress. Instead of focusing on the frustrating aspects of what you didn't get to do each weekend, it is better to focus on what you can control to make change and accept what you cannot control. Make a list of what you can control in the situation, like getting enough sleep and eating well, and what you can't control, like your kid losing temper.
Each parent should get a little alone time every single weekend. It's OK if you don't want to spend every waking hour of your weekend with your family. Some alone time for each parent to do whatever they want is a must.
A. Share the list with your partner.
B. Then schedule them into the blocks.
C. Here's how to have a pleasant weekend.
D. Following are tips to make your weekend efficient.
E. Accepting what you can't control will make you happier.
F. But it proves to be the best way to get everything done in advance.
G. You can exercise, meet a friend, or even play games if that's your thing.
When my daughter Adriana was seven, she was diagnosed with obsessive compulsive disorder(OCD 强迫症) and anxiety disorder. Adriana suddenly became very 1, and the playful, giggling girl stopped existing. My husband and I could see that Adriana was 2 but couldn't give her a hug because she was afraid to be 3. Even our dog learned not to go around her because it 4 her.
When no one was able to help, I knew it was up to me to find a 5. I started out small by encouraging Adriana to poke(戳) me to see that 6 bad would happen, and after a while, she 7 it and found that it tum out fine. 8 ，we had pokes instead of hugs. That first step developed 9 that helped her try walking on the floor with 10 feet, trust that she didn't have to wet her clothes to 11 the germs around her, and trust that she could go to school without feeling 12. When I say it took time, I mean it took years, but one by one, she faced her fears.
I made sure she knew that OCD was the same as any other illness and she was never to feel bad about it, but to keep working at getting 13. When she was ready, we encouraged her to 14 it, because that would make her stronger and help others understand too.
Adriana is now 23-years-old. She 15 has OCD and anxiety, but has learned to deal with them. Overcoming them has given Adriana 16 and self-acceptance that is beautiful to see. It's been an amazingly17 journey, but she was never alone in it.
Today Adriana keeps poking me once in a while, but not because she can't 18 me. There are plenty of hugs to go around, but now it's a 19 thing between the two of 20 us; a of where she's been and how far she's come.
Ball games are a big source of modern amusement. But they're nothing new. For instance, consider a 4, 500-year-old ball (find) in a child's tomb in Egypt or 3. 600-year-old rubber balls from Central America-where the competitors were asked to play the balls with their hips(臀部）.
So far, researchers (make) sure of a date of the oldest sporting balls in Europe or Asia: three balls, dug up from the tombs of horsemen in the deserts of northwestern China and crafted three thousand (year) ago.
"We are quite sure they were used in some sort of bat-and-ball game. "Patrick Wertmann is an expert at the University of Zurich analyzed the ancient sporting equipment. The balls are about three inches in diameter and filled leather hair. "And then, also, (look) at the Chinese character of "ball" itself, you'll find it quite (interest) because this character is made up of the ideograms(表意文字）of hair and leather."
As for how this ancient ball-and-stick game （play)? "lt could be something like polo. But it could also be something like early form of golf.
Since we don't have any textural evidence and we don't have any sticks from the same period, we don't really know （exact). "
"When will the Coast Guard get here?" Sydnie asked.
"They're coming," Mac said. "We're just going to float here. "
After a couple of hours, Mac's prediction seemed to come true. For the next several hours, plane after plane flew overhead, circling in search of the lost pilots. Each time, Mac and Sydnie did what they could to be seen. But each time, the potential rescue plane continued its flight without spotting them.
As the sun began to grow dim, Mac's calm began to crack. He became scared. He thought, "We're going to have to spend the night in the water." Sydnie saw the fear on his face. She felt the waves moving southwest. A Hawaiian native, Sydnie knew what all locals know: there is nothing south of Hawaii. She and Mac made the decision quickly, and swam towards Hawaii.
By about ten that night, Sydnie's legs began to cramp(抽筋), so she swam with her arms, letting her legs drag behind her. Soon enough, Mac felt even worse. More than eight hours in the water had left him exhausted. He, too, cramped up and began trembling uncontrollably in the cool night air. While Mac had been the one supporting Sydnie in those first few hours, she now took over. Swimming on her stomach, she had Mac wrap his arms around her knees. He rested his head on the back of her legs while they swam.
As Sydnie swam, hour after hour, her body was finally done. She had simply run out of power. At a certain point, after struggling for hours, your mind entertains an idea: what if I just gave up? She was reaching that point. Suddenly, Sydnie felt a flash of pain. She gasped (喘气) for air as her body cramped up. Then she fell unconscious.
注意：
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Paragraph 1:
Mac watched in terror as Sydnie gradually sank before his eyes.
Paragraph 2:
When the sun rose, they had made great progress overnight.
