第一部分 阅读理解，第一节阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、和D）中，选出最佳选项（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
Not everyone knows that Mogao Caves in China has a "little sister"—Yulin Caves, which is smaller but better preserved than Mogao Caves. This "little sister" has the most brilliant murals(壁画) which are large in scale(规模) and diverse in forms and skills, with much art value. Here is some information to refer to when planning your tour here.
Daily Itinerary(行程)
DAY 1: Visit Mingshashan in the middle afternoon when it is not very hot and sunburn is low.
DAY 2: Visit Yulin Caves. You can visit up to 6 caves. After that, drive about 30 minutes to Suoyangcheng.
DAY 3: Visit the newly opened Mogao Caves Digital Exhibition Center. You will watch two short but well-produced educational documentary movies about Mogao Caves. After the movies, take the interzonal bus to Mogao Caves.
Highlights of This Tour
●In-depth tour of Mogao Caves and Yulin Caves
●Visiting Suoyangcheng—an ancient ruined city 2,000 years ago
●Private tour package covering airport pick-up, accommodation, sightseeing and private tour guide
Basic Information about Price
●$ 380 per person
●This price is based on a group of 2 adults sharing one standard double-bed room in 4-star hotels and traveling with our private tour in low seasons.
●This price is subject to change according to your traveling season, group size, hotel, class, etc. If you want a lower price, you can get more people to join you, or use economy class hotels.
Jeremiah Thoronka was born in the fighting of the Sierra Leone civil war and grew up in the gutter(贫民窟) of the capital Freetown, having to burn wood for lighting and heating. Jeremiah saw with his own eyes how, in addition to the smog making breathing problems common, his young contemporaries fell behind in their schoolwork because of a lack of proper lighting.
Energy poverty is a major issue in Sierra Leone — with just 26% of the population having access to electricity. In rural parts of the country, only 6% of people have electricity access, most of whom turn to solar lanterns and dry-cell batteries. As a result, it's led to the destruction of forests as people cut down trees for firewood, which leaves Sierra Leone highly sensitive to extreme events like flooding and landslides. Families' reliance on firewood also leads to frequent house fires.
These life-threatening disadvantages and hardships fueled Jeremiah's enthusiasm for renewable energy and climate change advocacy. At 17 when studying at the African Leadership University in Rwanda, he created a start-up called Optim Energy that transforms vibrations(震动) from vehicles and footfall on roads into an electric current. It is different from existing renewable energy sources including wind or solar because it generates power without relying on changeable weather.
Optim Energy ran a successful pilot program in Jeremiah's neighbourhoods, Makawo in the northern part of Sierra Leone and Kuntoluh east of Freetown. With just two devices, the startup provided free electricity to 150 households benefiting around 500 citizens as well as 15 schools where more than 9,000 students attend.
Jeremiah is currently developing plans to expand into the healthcare field which needs power to cool medicines and create enough light for treating patients after dark.
Carl Wieman, a Nobel Prize-winning physicist at Stanford University, excelled in the lab, where he created the Bose-Einstein condensate(玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚态). However, his mastery in the lab did not extend to the classroom. For years, he wrestled with what seemed to be a straightforward task: making undergraduates comprehend physics as he did. Laying it out for them — explaining, even demonstrating the core concepts of the discipline — was not working. Despite his clear explanations, his students' capacity to solve the problems he posed to them remained inadequate.
It was in an unexpected place that he found the key to the problem: not in his classrooms but among the graduate students who came to work in his lab. When his PH. D. candidates entered the lab, Wieman noticed, their habits of thought were no less narrow and rigid than the undergraduates. Within a year or two, however, these same graduate students transformed into the flexible thinkers he was trying so earnestly, and unsuccessfully, to cultivate. "Some kind of intellectual process must have been missing from the traditional education," Wieman recounts.
A major factor in the graduate students' transformation, Wieman concluded, was their experience of intense social engagement around a body of knowledge — the hours they spent advising, debating with, and recounting anecdotes to one another. In 2019, a study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences backed this idea. Tracking the intellectual advancement of several hundred graduate students in the sciences over the course of four years, its authors found that the development of crucial skills such as generating hypotheses(假设), designing experiments, and analyzing data was closely related to the students' engagement with their peers in the lab, rather than the guidance they received from their faculty mentors(导师).
Wieman is one of a growing number of Stanford professors who are bringing this "active learning" approach to their courses. His ambition is to move science education away from the lecture format, toward a model that is more active and more engaged.
Since the 1950s, some 9.2 billion tonnes of plastic have been produced globally, of which only 10% has ever been recycled. Yet environmentally conscious companies and consumers continue to look to recycling as a way to ease the plastic problem. Manufacturing(制造业) giants claim to be committed to making more of their products and packaging from recycled materials. However, this confidence masks a complex web of issues around plastic recycling. Recycling rates remain extremely low and critics argue that we should look at alternative ways to tackle plastic pollution.
While many plastics have the potential to be recycled, most are not because the process is costly, complicated and the resulting product of a lower quality than the original. Despite rising demand for recycled plastic, few waste companies turn a profit. Part of this is because virgin plastic- linked to oil prices一is often cheaper than recycled plastic, meaning there is little economic incentive to use it. Worse yet, much of our plastic waste is difficult to recycle. Lightweight food packaging, like a mozzarella packet, contains different plastics, dyes(染料) and toxic additives. This dirty mix means plastic recycled through mechanical methods — the most common form — can only be melted down and moulded again a couple of times before it becomes too fragile to be reused. And the nature of the process means plastic recycling has a carbon footprint of its own.
Given all of these difficulties, environmental critics say recycling is not the solution-and argue that creating more products from recycled material to attract environmental consciousness merely worsens the problem. "The solution is to use less plastic and to stop misleading the public about the recyclability," says Enck, president of Beyond Plastics, a US campaign group with a mission to end single-use plastic. "They should stop making false claims about the recyclability of plastics since they know most will either be littered or; burned or landfilled (填埋). Using less plastics means shifting to reusable products and relying more on paper, cardboard, glass and metal — all of which should be made from recycled content."
第一部分 阅读 第二节 任务型阅读（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）
Science fiction television has done a lot to shape how we view the meals of the future, from an evening dinner in pill form to machines giving us any meal we desire, on demand. However, while these ideas for food creation are more than fifty years old, the way we produce and consume food has not changed very much. Even though there is enough food available today to feed the world, more than 870 million people do not have enough to eat.
With the global population expected to grow to more than nine billion by 2050, demand for food will only increase. No pills or machines have solved our food problems yet.
However, agricultural science has been responsible for saving huge numbers of lives. Science and technology helped us out of starvation during the 1960s and 70s when the world's population exploded. The result of this panic was the "green revolution", which saw the introduction to farming of high production grains, improved irrigation systems and hybrid(杂交) seeds, saving over one billion people from starvation.
Having enough food is only the first step. There are complications with natural disasters, conflict, poverty and environmental problems. All these can mean that the food supply is put at risk. Many people are concerned about "playing around with nature", adjusting how food looks and tastes and smells, and other human interferences(干预), all of which are widespread.
Anyhow, the world has not been completely saved from starvation, but we are on the way to get there.
A. Agricultural science was quite a success. B. There are many complexities when dealing with food. C. Modern science and technology of food contributes a lot. D. Nobody would ever starve if food were this easy to obtain. E. And it is unbelievable that hunger kills more people than disease does. F. Then there are the issues we face when it comes to food experimentation. G. At that time scientists were worried that we would run out of food. |
第二部分 语言知识运用，第一节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
Have you ever found yourself in a situation where something you enjoy on a daily basis is suddenly not available to you? For several weeks I volunteered on a1 on the big island of Hawaii. My2 in doing so: to learn how to grow my own food in an e-friendly way, along with experiencing a simpler3 .
Being an average twenty-something citizen of the4 world, I spend a lot of free time using mobile devices. Before coming to Hawaii, I'd never made an effort to5 that. When I arrived at the farm and discovered that the WiFi,6 mainly by solar panels(板) on the roof of my small room, wasn't working normally, I knew a7 to learn about myself had come knocking.
Over the first couple days, I frequently thought about8 my social media before realizing that I couldn't. I9 this source of entertainment and felt10 from the world. I was11 that someone would message me and think I was12 them. After it fully sank in that I couldn't connect to my social networks, I felt more13 in my immediate environment. My attention was less14 while working on tasks. Though I still periodically felt15 , my anxiety faded and suddenly, I realized how much more time I had for the things that gave me a deeper, more real sense of achievement and16 : for me, this included yoga and mindful movement, reading, and being out in17 .
My digital detox(脱瘾) was not something I chose to do18 , but I'm thankful that it happened this way.19 I value my devices just as much as I did before the digital detox, I realize that being20 about how I use them is key to keeping my phone a positive addition to my life.
第二部分 语言知识运用，第二节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
World Ocean Day is an international day that takes place annually on 8 June. It is observed as a (remind) every year of the destruction (cause) by human activities like garbage and waste water treatment and oil leaks. This year the main purpose of the Day is to inform a (wide) public of the impact of human actions the ocean, expecting more people (care) about the worsening situation.
The Day is now celebrated in over 100 countries with hundreds of special events broadcast across the globe. It (mark) in a variety of ways, including launching new campaigns and holding special events, to advance ocean conservation and education.
Young people are an important part. The Day provides them with a platform they can express their concerns and share their ideas. Each year, the Day has a theme for the campaigns and events. For example, in 2016 and 2017 the themes were "Healthy oceans, healthy planet" and "Our oceans, our future", (respective). "Collective Action for the Ocean" is the theme in 2022, (throw) light on the communities, ideas, and solutions that are working together to protect recover the ocean.
第三部分 写作 第一节 短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（︿），并在下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（﹨）划掉。
修改：在错的词下面划一横线，并在该次下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词。
只允许修改10处错误，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
A big storm destroyed two villages in South Africa on last Friday, causing 4 death. Over 200 people became homeless as a result of the storm. A farmer said the storm began early in the morning and last one hour. He said, "I was cooking in the kitchen with my wife and children while we heard a loud noise. A few minutes late, our house fell down. I managed to climb out, but much to my shocking, one of my boys were missing. I quickly went back inside and found them safe but frightened." Soldiers came to rescue those burying under the ruins, and the government provided food, clothes, and shelters for homeless.
注意：1. 写作词数应为100左右；2. 请在答题卡的相应位置作答。
